Given that industrialisation is the pathway to sustainable development, it is important to critically understand where Africa – and indeed sub-Saharan Africa – finds itself as a world region in this regard, and why. The 2016 Mo Ibrahim Foundation Report on 10 years of governance on the continent highlights two startling facts: not only is Africa currently the most unequal region on the planet, it is also the poorest producer on the planet. Africa today has the lowest manufacturing share in GDP growth among all emerging market regions. Despite the continent’s strong exports of minerals and oil in previous decades, its sluggish pace of industrialisation and beneficiation has resulted in the region’s shrinking share in world trade.1 Africa’s exports, as a share of the world’s total, have dropped from around 4.0% in 1970 to 2.45% in 2014. This is in stark contrast to emerging Asia’s share, which rose from around 3.0% to over 20% in this same period.3